Domain Authority (DA) is a measurement introduced by the SEO leader, Moz.com. It measures your website’s likeliness to rank in the SERPs in contrast to your competitors.
When calculating your DA, it is always crucial to only compare your DA with others in your niche or industry. For instance, comparing the New York Times to your local site wouldn’t make sense. But you can compare the Chicago Tribune to the New York Times.
Note: Domain Authority isn’t a ranking factor metric that Google uses, and it won’t directly affect your position in the SERPs. It sort of reflects your ability to rank higher.
When you improve your chances to rank, your DA naturally reflects this, and it will increase accordingly. Further, an increase in DA means you’re on the right path!
But how do you do this to reap high-ranking advantages?? Well, it’s complicated, but we’ll explain what we’ve learned in our 17 years of experience.
What is Domain Authority?
DA) is a score number (calculated on a 1-100 ranking scale) that’s used to predict how good a website will rank in the SERP. You can expect the page to rank high if the score number is higher.
Your website’s DA score is deliberated through numerous other factors such as keyword optimization, content length, linking, etc. These individual ranking numbers are piled together to figure out a final overall ranking number, and that’s exactly what Domain Authority is.
After getting aware of the expected Domain Authority of a website, you can contrast it to other similar websites to figure out where your specific website result will be displayed (on which pages and ranks).
This is highly valuable information while doing competitor research and selecting keywords you want to optimize and further rank for.
It will take a long time to build up a high DA score because various other optimization factors used to deliberate Domain Authority will always keep on changing as well.
Obviously, higher DA scores are “good,” and lower scores are “bad,” but remember that DA is nothing more than an estimated score, not an exact number. Domain Authority doesn’t, on its own, determine how high (or low) you’ll rank in the SERP.
You can use your website’s DA score as a directive metric while doing optimization and competitor research and should be considered into a comprehensive account of the whole page optimization work you’ve done.
If you know your site’s DA, it can help you structure and perfectly plan an effective content marketing strategy, besides helping you see other page factors you may require to focus on to rank higher.
What is Page Authority (PA)?
Domain Authority and Page Authority (PA) go hand in hand. DA is the predicted ranking score of the domain or overall website. PA is an individual web page’s predicted ranking score. DA and PA are ranked on the same scale; the higher score numbers mean a higher SERP rank expectation.
Besides that, PA rank is a great comparison metric to consider during competitor research. If you’re publishing an article or a page with similar content or topic as a competitor, you must know their, and your, PA.
Getting all the background information you can on a page’s certain metrics can highly help you find any gaps in composition or optimization of work that you can reap the benefit of on your page. PA offers you a one-up on your competitors, helping you in taking extra steps in optimizing your pages for higher SERP rank and attaining the following benefits from that.
Consider PA with the same openness you’d with DA. It isn’t a concrete number but can be described as an educated guess that’s prone to fluctuations.
How to increase Page Authority (PA)?
Increasing the PA of your backlinks can completely increase your results. Let’s show you what you’ll learn here:
- How to improve your Moz PA / Page Authority
- How to boost your backlinks and deliver double-triple the value of the link
- The secret sauce we use to make our campaigns pop
- How to increase the PA of your backlinks
- How to rank in the most cost-efficient way possible
Let’s get into it!
The Secret To High Quality Backlinks
DA is a well-known way to measure the domain’s quality that you’re getting a link from. Moz created this metric with Open Site Explorer, and it’s a common substitute for Toolbar PR (which Google officially closed).
DA measures the power of a website by merging multiple link metrics into one ( power of links, number of links, etc.). Whereas DA measures the overall domain’s strength, there’s another metric known as PA, which measures the strength of only that page.
Sometimes you get linked from a high authority domain, but actually, the link doesn’t bring any benefit. Here are two scenarios on why that would happen:
Issue 1: The Homepage Roll – Off
Several sites get backlinks from guest posts or blog posts. When the post gets published, it goes on the site’s homepage, where most of the juice is. Google doesn’t just find it but also high rewards you because the PA of the homepage is very high.
Usually, on the majority of websites, most of the backlinks come to the homepage(root domain), so it’s the most powerful page on the entire website.
As you publish more posts, your post will get delivered from the homepage to a subpage – generally a category or numbered page. That way, it will lose much of the link value you had earlier.
Blog Pagination
Rather than pointing a ton of links to the “homepage,” your link will be on the page having little or no links, and also, much less page authority.
Issue 2: High DA, Buried Subpage
You may land a highly beneficial link on a great website or directory with a great DA, but your webpage will have a PA of 1 or 2 if you don’t have many internal links from the website propping it up. Not so cool!
High DA, but Low PA
If more internal links on this website are absent, your link won’t be worth much.
Issue 3: Quality vs. Quantity
Google shows us that they want quality rather than quantity. What happens when you possess a bunch of low-page authority links pointing to your website? Google wants to see high PA and DA, which is the reason we’ll work on increasing that. So, rather than aiming to build buckets of links, concentrate on the “quality factor” and bring high authority (and relevant) links. We bet this plan will work!
How To Increase PA & Ranking Power
How to solve such problems?
There are numerous methods to do it, like building internal links through interacting on the website you have your link on ( liking, commenting, etc.), but the simplest way is to build backlinks to your backlinks! You read it correctly.
While boosting your backlinks with 2nd tier links, the search engine crawls them and offers you more credit for the link to your page from that page. These are known as2nd tier links as they don’t point directly to the main site you wanna rank.
The amazing thing about these 2nd tier links is that you can be more aggressive (even try grey hat techniques) with them since you’re not sending these links directly to our website.
Besides that, big authority properties such as Youtube, Facebook, directories, etc., already have tons of links, making them capable of handling these sorts of links, where your website probably doesn’t have so many backlinks already.
While sending links to your backlinks, the following things happen:
- Ensures that the pages will enjoy fast indexing and get spidered more often.
- Increases the links’ power you worked so hard to get!
- It helps rank these properties, letting you get referral traffic!
- Ensures the pages don’t lose any bit of value as they roll off your homepage.
We have researched deeply and found many big websites enjoying the power of 2nd tier links, and they work great to pump up the ranking power and page authority.
How To Boost Your Links
We just made it too easy to boost any existing backlinks pointing to your website or our special services.
Here’s how it exactly works:
- Give us your webpage’s URL and keywords: We’d suggest you 3 URLs per order. However, you can certainly give us as many URLs as you’d like. We’ll randomly use them as per the plan. We suggest getting several long-tail variations of your keywords, as that makes the whole process not just fast but also increases the chances of success. (10+).
- We narrate a contextually relevant article for tier 2 backlinks: After writing such a high quality and relevant article and place your link within the article.
- We’ll distribute it on various high authority blogs: That way, your actual URLs will enjoy rapid and continuous crawling.
- Your links receive more power!: When Google crawls these 2nd tier URLs – It boosts the page authority higher for the page you’re targeting, and you get amazing power from these backlinks. As time passes by (generally 2-3 months), you’ll notice other link checking services are picking it up as well. For example, your Moz PA will rise up after a few months.
Special note: You need to be really patient while checking Moz’s stats. For recalculating, Moz takes a few days, and sometimes, a few months. ( Moz has to crawl the whole internet and recalculate, and it doesn’t happen immediately!) Google actually picks up the links; that’s the most important thing.
How Tough is it to Improve DA?
One thing always stays on top: improving your DA consumes time. Doing it the perfect way is a long race, and everything you do to attain it should be above board.
Tempting to pay someone and getting a lot of links quickly definitely sounds easy and interesting, but it definitely hurts you in the end. That falls under black-hat link building, and if you really don’t want to face costly penalties, just follow White hat and quality backlinks. If you’re unaware of the process, just contact AccuWebTech’s SEO Experts.
Being consistent with your strategies is crucial. Tending to your on-page SEO twice a year, or launching one link-building campaign every four to six months or so, won’t be going to help you much anyhow. Just kiss the consistency to attain success.
It’s long-term speculation in your organic strategy. Another monitoring that may prove a piece of good news is that the lesser the DA, the more rapidly it moves. In comparison to getting the DA of 77 to a DA of 80, getting a DA of 20 to 35 is much easier.
How to Check Your Present Authority Status
There are numerous tools that permit you to check your DA for free, but the most reliable ones are the free MozBar Chrome extension or Moz’s Explorer tool, both of which display the domain authority from the source itself.
Moz’s Explorer isn’t a free tool, though, but you do enjoy up to 10 queries per month for free.
While searching for a certain URL, you can see what your DA is and what the PA is for that URL. If your website is newer or hasn’t worked to build up website links that aggressively, there’s a good chance that your site will be hovering around 20 DA or less.
That’s fine! While it does consume time to increase your DA, which is no fun, strategies prove to be helpful, and it’s pretty easier to jump from a 20 to a 30 than a 50 to a 60; it gets more challenging the higher you go, and that’s truly good news for everybody getting started.
Concrete and proven Ways to Build Your DA
We know that DA, in its own indirect way, is actually important. We’d repeat that time is a factor you need to take into consideration; older sites are more trusted due to which they naturally have a much more developed backlink profile, so catching up will be harder.
Notice, though, that we said hard and not impossible. We’ve worked with websites over a period of one year that ended up beating out huge competitors for those number one spots in SERP, so using the right strategies, you can also do that (Contact the EXPERT, if you lack confidence). Here we describe the ways you can follow to start building your DA as fast as possible.
1) Focus on Link Building (but not blindly)
Link building is the primary thing to focus on when we discuss domain authority; this is a huge quality signal that Google considers. If plenty of other high-authority sites are linking to your site, after all, it means that they actually trust you and believe that you have something to offer, and that’s what Google notices.
If you haven’t planned or started making your backlink profile, the best place to begin is to run a backlink audit, as it will show you the current backlink profile of your site.
Besides that, it will flag any potential harmful backlinks that you’d prefer to remove ( we’ll cover that in the below section). We prefer SEMrush’s tool. However, there are various tools worth using besides Semrush, such as Ahrefs and Moz.
While cherishing your backlink profile, don’t just consider the quantitiy of backlinks you have but also which sites they’re coming from. After that, check those sites’ DA online; are those sites authoritative enough to give your page/site a boost?
DA of Over 50 is wonderful, but 70+ is truly outstanding (and rare). As you understand your backlink profile, also consider how to expand it further. Creating great content on your website through blogs is undoubtedly a good start, as it gives people something valuable that they can actually link to.
2) Eliminate Harmful Backlinks to Eliminate Risks of Penalties
Sometimes getting a little overeager with your backlink building is common, especially when either you’re a newbie or looking to generate revenue or expand business in a short time.
For example, buying links from PBNs (Private blogging networks) will hurt you more than you can think, and spamming your link is a quick way to get penalized by Google and a knockdown on your DA score.
While checking that backlink audit, look over it closely. SEMrush flags all the toxic links that you have, showing you the single backlink, along with your overall positive-to-toxic links ratio. They’ll also display you the number of referring domains from where you’re getting backlinks, which is helpful to understand.
Create a backlinks list you plan to start working on. In case you can remove them manually, simply do so. For instance, remove links to your website in the forums or comments sections.
If, don’t have access to the websites where you placed the links, which may be the occasion for something like a PBN, you should do a link disavow through Google. You should perform a link disavow if you believe that you have backlinks that are knocking you down and in case you failed to remove them manually.
What sort of backlinks must be removed (or avoided)
Not every single backlink tends to benefit your website, and you need to understand which sort of backlinks affect your website’s health in order to save your website from getting penalty hits or even avoid pure wastage of time. We’ve listed 10 bad backlink types down there:
1. Private Blog Networks (PBNs)
If you have ever been into some link-building work, you may have received an email from any blogger trying to offer a spreadsheet full of links of websites they own that they’d be happy to list your website on.
Of course, for a fee.
While easy access to any host of seemingly quality websites may seem tempting, we call these private blog networks, and they should always be avoided.
A black hat SEO strategy, PBNs are created by just one entity; their sole purpose is to offer backlinks to huge websites. These aren’t genuine websites designed to provide value or services to users. They are just money-making schemes.
Google knows this very well, and since 2012, they’ve been shutting down private blog networks permanently. Some still exist, but those using them have been handed some serious ranking penalties.
2. Duplicate Content
Guest posting on web publications and blogs is a famous backlinking practice. If done right, it can be unbelievably beneficial for your search engine marketing. If done incorrectly, it proves to be a tectonic disaster.
Here’s the temptation:
A great amount of time is needed in writing a quality blog, so why not write one tremendous blog and have it published on around twenty websites.
Rather than writing thousands of words and investing weeks in creating all the content, doesn’t it seem amazing to secure 20 good backlinks from just one blog and a few emails?
The issue is, you haven’t secured 20 backlinks; you’ve secured just one. Google hates duplicate content and doesn’t bring any benefits either. Your duplicated content published over 20 websites is just going to be ranked by one website, and you’ll get the link advantages from that one website only, and Google will ignore the rest.
If you had offered those 19 websites unique content, you could have got 19 valuable links, and how beneficial that would be?
The reason guest posting is such a successful online marketing strategy because you have to invest time and effort. Google won’t let you adopt shortcuts and do it the easy way.
3. Poor Quality Guest Posts
Now, duplicate content is out the window today. So why not try something unique… Writing 20 high-quality articles will be incredibly time-consuming for sure, but what if you simplified it a little?
Rather than writing some great content that makes you invest time, you write a few poor quality content pieces that take you around an hour per post – or you pay someone online to write you 500 words in return for $3.
Sure, it took longer than simply duplicating the one article many times, but at least it cuts a few corners, and you enjoyed those sweet, ranking-boosting backlinks, right?
Well, Wrong! Google’s got this covered, too, as it’s too clever!
Google t can analyze content and figure out whether it has value or not. If it’s uninformative and of poor quality, it offers no value to readers and no value to your marketing strategy. Google will disregard it.
4. Only Using DoFollow Links
DoFollow links consist of SEO juice – boosting your website’s ranking and SERP visibility – but NoFollow links don’t come with such benefits. So, NoFollows are worthless, right?
Not really.
While it’s true that NoFollow links never offer that same effect as DoFollos do, they are certainly still valuable. Google loves a natural backlink profile for your site – a profile that demonstrates that your site is receiving organic traffic and is of interest to its users.
Have you noticed that all naturally popular websites have a blend of DoFollow and NoFollow backlinks? If your website receives DoFollow links only, Google will notice that and mark it as “unnatural behavior.” It’s likely you’ll be penalized that way.
A healthy blend of DoFollow and NoFollow links is the “eessentialvitamin.”
5. Low Authority Backlinks
All of us linked to search engine marketing business truly spend our lives detecting the big secret that Google hides, which is authority. Authority is generally how Google rates your site, and having more authority means more power your link punches pack.
There are various undisclosed variables that affect authority, and these variables range from audience popularity to click-through-rate, incoming backlinks, and Sundar Pichai knows what else.
Undoubtedly, for us, it’s truly impossible to uncover what exact authority ranks a website, but for getting a rough estimate, you can use tools like Moz, Ahrefs, and Semrush.
Rated out of 100, you’ll find personal blogs ranking considerably lower than sites like Forbes and Youtube. As a portion of your digital marketing strategy, it’s a preferable target for higher authority backlinks. If you try reaching sites in the 80+ area, it will either cost a pretty penny or be too tricky, but you can have a heap of success even with websites in the range of 20+.
A backlink from websites having single-digit or “teen” DR is less valuable. New sites often have a pretty small readership, which may not bring you traffic or even link juice.
Sometimes these sorts of links will have some value, especially if they have a bunch of dedicated readers or fit your niche very well, but their impact on increasing your own authority is pretty limited, so better to focus your efforts elsewhere.
6. Blog Comments
We won’t discourage you from making backlinks through blog comments, but we’d say you need to be cautious here. A high volume of blog comment backlinks pointing to your site is considered a spammy practice, and such practice may have detrimental consequences for your site.
Matt Cutts, former head of Google’s Spam Team, stated that making comment backlinks isn’t the right way of building a backlink profile.
However, everything isn’t on the negative side. Leaving a comment with the intention of helping out the community, providing advice while linking back to your blog explaining (or is relevant to) the subject of discussion proves to be an amazing way to build natural traffic.
A few backlinks to your site from blog comments won’t cause any issues and will actually help you develop a healthy link profile. However, as we said, lots of low-quality blog comment links bring an adverse effect (Bro Matts agrees with that).
7. Forum Discussions and Signatures
We discussed the positives + negatives of comment backlinks, and the case with Backlinks from forums is pretty much the same. They’ll offer a boost in traffic if you post in the right place and also help contribute to a sturdy link profile if you do it organically, but if you overuse them, they can be categorized as spam.
Don’t look upon forum posting as a method of building backlinks. It’s both bad practice and worthless. It’s, however, a nice way to gain credibility.
If you’re an SEO expert and you post on SEO forums, providing advice, solving people’s issues, confusions, and linking to valuable and helpful content, then your own name and website could become a reputable authority: that way you earn, organic traffic.
8. Link Exchanges
Everyone is trying to build up their backlink profile, most importantly, in the most time-effective way possible.
“But, hold on, don’t I have a clean, spam-free website with high authority? Why don’t I link to some other websites in return for them linking to mine? Wow, everybody wins!”
Well, they used to be back in the bad old days.
In those old days of backlink building, link exchange was very effective, but Google got wiser with time. It knows people are going to bet hands and legs to build links, and link swapping is one of those convenient and cheesy methods they’re trying to discourage.
A link exchange will bring a small, positive effect, but it’ll form just a fraction of the SEO advantages experienced from a normal one-way link. Don’t worry; Google won’t penalize you entirely; after all, there are numerous reasons why two websites might be naturally linking to each other just for an organic purpose.
Large-scale link exchanges are much more noticeable and are marked as suspicious.
Trading a link in return for a link isn’t the most fruitful sort of SEO strategy, and the ultimate way to avoid getting penalized is to avoid it fully and invest your time in various other link-building strategies.
9. Foreign Language Websites
While building backlinks, it can be simple and seriously tempting to just paste your link into a foreign website. Don’t forget, Google is always watching you!
Relevancy is the golden key to how Google makes its ranking-related choices. It’s free customer service, after all. Hence, it wants to offer results relevant to its user’s demands.
If Google notices that you are linking from foreign websites (clearly websites that aren’t anyway relevant to what you offer), just for link juice – – it’ll flag this as suspicious behavior. So, just avoid that, no matter DA of such sites is too high.
10. Irrelevant Backlinks
While on the topic of relevance, it’s important to mention the common type of unhealthy link-building practice: irrelevant backlinks.
A few links are easier to get in contrast to others, but so long as the backlink comes from a reputable and authoritative site, it can add great value to your link-building efforts, right?
In a word? No.
If any digital marketing company was getting backlinks from a blog related to home decor, Google would notice something was amiss pretty soon. Why would a home decor website link to any digital marketing business website?
A one-off link may gain attention, but the relevance of your links is, the better your backlink profile will appear and the higher the chance of you getting a rank boost. Doing the exact reverse will bring you a penalty.
3) Create Amazing Content
While trying to build up your DA, content marketing will be a huge asset.
It permits you to keep the major pages on your website in order while still generating new chances for you to write fresh and engaging content (which Google loves) that can attract your targeted audience, offer a valuable avenue for fresh backlinks, and permit you to rank for even more keywords.
While using content marketing as the main part of your backlink strategy, ensure to consider the following:
- If you want to attract more eyes to your content, to attract more backlinks and more shares, you must have a strong distribution plan. If your DA isn’t strong yet, you shouldn’t rely on SEO alone; set up your social campaigns to share your posts, and attempt reaching out to your network to ask for a few shares in the start. You can use PPC campaigns such as Facebook Ads as well to promote crucial posts and gain traction early on. Just be agile here.
- Offer unique, original, and worthy content. If you want amazing links and get much attention on your posts, just create something that hasn’t been created by anybody yet. Otherwise, people can conveniently steal the ideas covered in the post if they’re just interested enough to read it. Rather, opt for original thoughts and even consider creating resources such as infographics if possible. You can even go for case studies that contain statistics you gathered from your own research. People will definitely have to link back to you if you do that.
4) Detect Crawlability Issues and fix them (if any)
If Google can’t crawl your website, there’s a high chance that they’re simply missing out on the amazing content you have to provide, and it will hurt your page rank in the SERPs.
Besides that, there’s a great chance that Moz will face the same problems, and it will cause your DA score to take a hit. You definitely need to avoid crawlability issues. Having these issues means getting the SEO points which you are actually supposed to get even after having all elements right in place.
Use a site audit tool and regularly monitor your website for any issues that potentially cause problems, such as broken links, even duplicate content, confusing redirects, etc. SEMrush is still go-to here, but again, Ahrefs and Moz are great options as well.
These tools show you the errors that could hurt your SEO potential and often have suggestions regarding how to fix them. In several cases, the errors are easy to fix.
5) Boost Your Social Presence
Both Google and Moz look at social signals like likes, retweets, and shares of your content while evaluating domain and page authority. This ranking factor doesn’t weigh as heavily as various other things like crawlability perfection or backlink profiles, but it can certainly make an impact. Hence, if you want to elevate your DA score as fast as possible, invest some time to get it right.
There are some ways to increase social proof on the content, and you have to find the same. This will increase your web traffic and, simultaneously, your site’s DA, both of which will benefit your business.
Ensure that you’re sharing infographics, blog posts, and lead magnets with attractive descriptions explaining why somebody should click to read, rather than just posting the title and considering that to be enough.
You should take the value to clear upfront and insert a CTA like “The ebook is free- just download it now!” not just to increase clicks on the post but for further actions from the users and positively affecting your DA.
Strategies to Boost Web Traffic:
Optimize Your Social Media Profiles:
When we discuss brand building and recognition, Social media profiles play a huge role. If you design your social media profile well, you can drive a great mob to your website.
Optimizing your social media profiles is as crucial as optimizing your website’s SEO. So, ensure your social media biographies embrace relevant keywords. Also, ensure you don’t miss any crucial information while entering your profile details.
Consistently Engage with Your Target Audience:
You can directly connect with your core audience through social media. You can interact with your audience and get feedback in real-time, which helps you in bringing betterment to your customer experience.
Consistent engagement with your audience highly boosts traffic to not just your social media profile but also your website. This improves the opinion of audiences from your company’s perspective as well. Gaining your audience’s visibility will undoubtedly take some time, but you must put effort into driving continuous traffic.
Post Consistently:
Every social media user wants to achieve accountability of a healthy list of followers. Regular social media posting helps you develop an amazing social media marketing strategy. The number of followers and likes you get and posting frequency depends on a few factors like:
- Target Audience
- Region/Time zone
- Content
- Days in a week
- Profile bios
- Hashtags
Create Viral Content like Memes:
The word “viral” is pretty much linked to social media. Anything you find enticing, relatable, or unique has a high potential to drive high traffic. Viral contents are pretty essential if you want to grow your site traffic. However, it isn’t an easy deal, though. Remember, not all your posts go viral. For content to get viral, it is essential that:
- People spread your message to outstretch the maximum audience
- People have an inclination to share your content
Focus on Sharing Visual Content:
According to the factual figures, visual content gets you more shares and likes than ordinary content. Invest time and create visuals that speak volumes about your brand and your niche products/services. Ensure your visuals are unique so that they don’t get unnoticed. Later, consider sharing that with your target audience.
Post Actively and When your Viewers are Active:
Consistent posting is the key to elevate your follower count. For that, businesses need to be active in their social media game and play it like a pro. To increase your profile’s visibility, focus on regular publishing. Once there’s a flicker in your social media traffic, don’t be lazy to post.
It is a continual effort that you have to make to shine in this ultra-challenging world. To maintain a perfect publishing schedule, you can utilize social media management tools available online. Aside from that, you can use a social media calendar or planner to optimize your publishing activity.
Run Social Media Contests and Q&A Polls:
Social media polls and contests are exciting and interesting ways to engage your audience. Besides that, such activities help you upgrade the communication gap between your target audience and you. Running quizzes, and contests, and polls can make your audience talk, like, and follow. This makes them aware of your website, brand, and products.
Research Your Competitors Thoroughly:
Understanding how your competitors are performing is the actual marketing strategy, and the same goes on for any social media marketing strategy as well. Just use online tools to get performance metrics and insights of your competitors. The social media competitive analysis highly helps you analyze your traffic and gather key performance metrics and ideas of your opponent’s social posts.
Participate in Social Groups:
Joining active community groups (relevant ones) increase the chances of reaching your target audience. By joining such groups, you can find people having the same interests besides identifying their inclination towards your products/services. You can join such groups on YouTube, Whatsapp, LinkedIn, Pinterest, and most importantly, on FB. These groups help you potentially drive great traffic to your site.
Get Inspiration from Influencers:
The impact of social media influencers has rapidly increased in this digital world, and we often call these influencers “online celebs.” They have immense popularity on social media, and obviously, huge followers count due to that popularity. They have great power to influence their followers and their thoughts. They have a huge network of followers via their channels like blogs, YouTube, social media, etc.
Leave a Reply